{ "__type": "IngestedDoc", "__tag": 4010, "_content": {}, "_ordered_sections": [], "item_file": null, "item_line": null, "item_type": null, "aliases": [], "example_section_data": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "see_also": [], "signature": null, "references": null, "qa": "f2py:windows:index", "arbitrary": [ { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Admonition", "__tag": 4056, "kind": "warning", "base_type": "warning", "children": [ { "__type": "AdmonitionTitle", "__tag": 4055, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "warning " } ] }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "F2PY support for Windows is not always at par with Linux support" } ] } ] }, { "__type": "Admonition", "__tag": 4056, "kind": "note", "base_type": "note", "children": [ { "__type": "AdmonitionTitle", "__tag": 4055, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "note " } ] }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Link", "__tag": 4049, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "SciPy's documentation" } ], "url": "https://scipy.github.io/devdocs/building/index.html#system-level-dependencies", "title": "" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": " has some information on system-level dependencies which are well tested for Fortran as well." } ] } ] }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Broadly speaking, there are two issues working with F2PY on Windows:" } ] }, { "__type": "BulletList", "__tag": 4053, "ordered": false, "start": 1, "children": [ { "__type": "ListItem", "__tag": 4054, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "the lack of actively developed FOSS Fortran compilers, and," } ] } ] }, { "__type": "ListItem", "__tag": 4054, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "the linking issues related to the C runtime library for building Python-C extensions." } ] } ] } ] }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "The focus of this section is to establish a guideline for developing and extending Fortran modules for Python natively, via F2PY on Windows." } ] }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Currently supported toolchains are:" } ] }, { "__type": "BulletList", "__tag": 4053, "ordered": false, "start": 1, "children": [ { "__type": "ListItem", "__tag": 4054, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Mingw-w64 C/C++/Fortran compilers" } ] } ] }, { "__type": "ListItem", "__tag": 4054, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Intel compilers" } ] } ] }, { "__type": "ListItem", "__tag": 4054, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Clang-cl + Flang" } ] } ] }, { "__type": "ListItem", "__tag": 4054, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "MSVC + Flang" } ] } ] } ] } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "F2PY and Windows" } ], "level": 0, "target": "f2py-windows" }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "From a user perspective, the most UNIX compatible Windows development environment is through emulation, either via the Windows Subsystem on Linux, or facilitated by Docker. 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Additional build system usage (" }, { "__type": "InlineCode", "__tag": 4051, "value": "meson" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ", " }, { "__type": "InlineCode", "__tag": 4051, "value": "cmake" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ") as described in " }, { "__type": "CrossRef", "__tag": 4002, "value": "f2py-bldsys", "reference": { "__type": "LocalRef", "__tag": 4022, "kind": "docs", "path": "f2py:buildtools:index" }, "kind": "exists" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": " allows for a more flexible set of compiler backends including:" } ] }, { "__type": "DefList", "__tag": 4033, "children": [ { "__type": "DefListItem", "__tag": 4037, "dt": { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Intel oneAPI" } ] }, "dd": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "The newer Intel compilers (" }, { "__type": "InlineCode", "__tag": 4051, "value": "ifx" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ", " }, { "__type": "InlineCode", "__tag": 4051, "value": "icx" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ") are based on LLVM and can be used for native compilation. 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" }, { "__type": "Link", "__tag": 4049, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "LLVM Flang" } ], "url": "https://releases.llvm.org/11.0.0/tools/flang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html", "title": "" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": " does not support Windows yet (30-01-2022)." } ] } ] }, { "__type": "DefListItem", "__tag": 4037, "dt": { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "LFortran (FOSS)" } ] }, "dd": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "One of two LLVM based compilers. 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An entertaining explanation of an application binary interface (ABI) can be found in this post by " }, { "__type": "Link", "__tag": 4049, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "JeanHeyd Meneide" } ], "url": "https://thephd.dev/binary-banshees-digital-demons-abi-c-c++-help-me-god-please", "title": "" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "." } ] } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Baseline" } ], "level": 1, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "MSVC is installed either via the Visual Studio Bundle or the lighter (preferred) " }, { "__type": "Link", "__tag": 4049, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Build Tools for Visual Studio" } ], "url": "https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/#build-tools-for-visual-studio-2019", "title": "" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": " with the " }, { "__type": "InlineCode", "__tag": 4051, "value": "Desktop development with C++" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": " setting." } ] }, { "__type": "Admonition", "__tag": 4056, "kind": "note", "base_type": "note", "children": [ { "__type": "AdmonitionTitle", "__tag": 4055, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "note " } ] }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "This can take a significant amount of time as it includes a download of around 2GB and requires a restart." } ] } ] }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "It is possible to use the resulting environment from a " }, { "__type": "Link", "__tag": 4049, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "standard command prompt" } ], "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/building-on-the-command-line?view=msvc-160#developer_command_file_locations", "title": "" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ". However, it is more pleasant to use a " }, { "__type": "Link", "__tag": 4049, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "developer powershell" } ], "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/ide/reference/command-prompt-powershell?view=vs-2019", "title": "" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ", with a " }, { "__type": "Link", "__tag": 4049, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "profile in Windows Terminal" } ], "url": "https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-365-pnp-blog/add-developer-powershell-and-developer-command-prompt-for-visual/ba-p/2243078", "title": "" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ". This can be achieved by adding the following block to the " }, { "__type": "InlineCode", "__tag": 4051, "value": "profiles->list" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": " section of the JSON file used to configure Windows Terminal (see " }, { "__type": "InlineCode", "__tag": 4051, "value": "Settings->Open JSON file" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "):" } ] }, { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "{\n\"name\": \"Developer PowerShell for VS 2019\",\n\"commandline\": \"powershell.exe -noe -c \\\"$vsPath = (Join-Path ${env:ProgramFiles(x86)} -ChildPath 'Microsoft Visual Studio\\\\2019\\\\BuildTools'); Import-Module (Join-Path $vsPath 'Common7\\\\Tools\\\\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'); Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath $vsPath -SkipAutomaticLocation\\\"\",\n\"icon\": \"ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png\"\n}", "execution_status": null }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Now, testing the compiler toolchain could look like:" } ] }, { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "# New Windows Developer Powershell instance / tab\n# or\n$vsPath = (Join-Path ${env:ProgramFiles(x86)} -ChildPath 'Microsoft Visual Studio\\\\2019\\\\BuildTools'); \nImport-Module (Join-Path $vsPath 'Common7\\\\Tools\\\\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll');\nEnter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath $vsPath -SkipAutomaticLocation\n**********************************************************************\n** Visual Studio 2019 Developer PowerShell v16.11.9\n** Copyright (c) 2021 Microsoft Corporation\n**********************************************************************\ncd $HOME\necho \"#include\" > blah.cpp; echo 'int main(){printf(\"Hi\");return 1;}' >> blah.cpp\ncl blah.cpp", "execution_status": null }, { "__type": "DefList", "__tag": 4033, "children": [ { "__type": "DefListItem", "__tag": 4037, "dt": { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "\\blah.exe" } ] }, "dd": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "# Hi rm blah.cpp" } ] } ] } ] }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "It is also possible to check that the environment has been updated correctly with " }, { "__type": "InlineCode", "__tag": 4051, "value": "$ENV:PATH" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "." } ] } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "PowerShell and MSVC" } ], "level": 1, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "The MS Windows version of Python discussed here installs to a non-deterministic path using a hash. 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