{ "__type": "IngestedDoc", "__tag": 4010, "_content": { "Notes": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Warns": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Raises": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Yields": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Methods": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Returns": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Summary": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "No Docstrings" } ] } ], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Receives": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Warnings": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Attributes": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Parameters": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Extended Summary": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "Other Parameters": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null } }, "_ordered_sections": [ "Summary", "Extended Summary", "Parameters", "Attributes", "Methods", "Returns", "Yields", "Receives", "Other Parameters", "Raises", "Warns", "Warnings", "Notes" ], "item_file": "/scipy/constants/__init__.py", "item_line": 0, "item_type": "module", "aliases": [ "scipy.constants" ], "example_section_data": { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [], "level": 0, "target": null }, "see_also": [], "signature": null, "references": null, "qa": "scipy.constants", "arbitrary": [ { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Physical and mathematical constants and units." } ] } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Constants (" }, { "__type": "InlineRole", "__tag": 4003, "value": "scipy.constants", "domain": null, "role": "mod", "inventory": null }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ")" } ], "level": 0, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "================ =================================================================\n``pi`` Pi\n``golden`` Golden ratio\n``golden_ratio`` Golden ratio\n================ =================================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Mathematical constants" } ], "level": 1, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "The following physical constants are available as attributes of " }, { "__type": "CrossRef", "__tag": 4002, "value": "scipy.constants", "reference": { "__type": "LocalRef", "__tag": 4022, "kind": "module", "path": "scipy.constants" }, "kind": "module" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": ". All units are " }, { "__type": "Link", "__tag": 4049, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "SI" } ], "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units", "title": "" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "." } ] }, { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "=========================== ================================================================ ===============\nAttribute Quantity Units\n=========================== ================================================================ ===============\n``c`` speed of light in vacuum m s^-1\n``speed_of_light`` speed of light in vacuum m s^-1\n``mu_0`` the magnetic constant :math:`\\mu_0` N A^-2\n``epsilon_0`` the electric constant (vacuum permittivity), :math:`\\epsilon_0` F m^-1\n``h`` the Planck constant :math:`h` J Hz^-1\n``Planck`` the Planck constant :math:`h` J Hz^-1\n``hbar`` the reduced Planck constant, :math:`\\hbar = h/(2\\pi)` J s\n``G`` Newtonian constant of gravitation m^3 kg^-1 s^-2\n``gravitational_constant`` Newtonian constant of gravitation m^3 kg^-1 s^-2\n``g`` standard acceleration of gravity m s^-2\n``e`` elementary charge C\n``elementary_charge`` elementary charge C\n``R`` molar gas constant J mol^-1 K^-1\n``gas_constant`` molar gas constant J mol^-1 K^-1\n``alpha`` fine-structure constant (unitless)\n``fine_structure`` fine-structure constant (unitless)\n``N_A`` Avogadro constant mol^-1\n``Avogadro`` Avogadro constant mol^-1\n``k`` Boltzmann constant J K^-1\n``Boltzmann`` Boltzmann constant J K^-1\n``sigma`` Stefan-Boltzmann constant :math:`\\sigma` W m^-2 K^-4\n``Stefan_Boltzmann`` Stefan-Boltzmann constant :math:`\\sigma` W m^-2 K^-4\n``Wien`` Wien wavelength displacement law constant m K\n``Rydberg`` Rydberg constant m^-1\n``m_e`` electron mass kg\n``electron_mass`` electron mass kg\n``m_p`` proton mass kg\n``proton_mass`` proton mass kg\n``m_n`` neutron mass kg\n``neutron_mass`` neutron mass kg\n=========================== ================================================================ ===============", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Physical constants" } ], "level": 1, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "In addition to the above variables, " }, { "__type": "CrossRef", "__tag": 4002, "value": "scipy.constants", "reference": { "__type": "LocalRef", "__tag": 4022, "kind": "module", "path": "scipy.constants" }, "kind": "module" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": " also contains the 2022 CODATA recommended values " }, { "__type": "CitationReference", "__tag": 4063, "label": "CODATA2022" }, { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": " database containing more physical constants." } ] }, { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": ".. autosummary:: \n :toctree:generated/\n value -- Value in physical_constants indexed by key\n unit -- Unit in physical_constants indexed by key\n precision -- Relative precision in physical_constants indexed by key\n find -- Return list of physical_constant keys with a given string\n ConstantWarning -- Constant sought not in newest CODATA data set", "execution_status": null }, { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Available constants:" } ] }, { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "====================================================================== ====\n``alpha particle mass`` 6.644657345e-27 kg\n``alpha particle mass energy equivalent`` 5.9719201997e-10 J\n``alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 3727.3794118 MeV\n``alpha particle mass in u`` 4.001506179129 u\n``alpha particle molar mass`` 0.0040015061833 kg mol^-1\n``alpha particle relative atomic mass`` 4.001506179129 \n``alpha particle rms charge radius`` 1.6785e-15 m\n``alpha particle-electron mass ratio`` 7294.29954171 \n``alpha particle-proton mass ratio`` 3.972599690252 \n``Angstrom star`` 1.00001495e-10 m\n``atomic mass constant`` 1.66053906892e-27 kg\n``atomic mass constant energy equivalent`` 1.49241808768e-10 J\n``atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV`` 931.49410372 MeV\n``atomic mass unit-electron volt relationship`` 931494103.72 eV\n``atomic mass unit-hartree relationship`` 34231776.922 E_h\n``atomic mass unit-hertz relationship`` 2.25234272185e+23 Hz\n``atomic mass unit-inverse meter relationship`` 751300662090000.0 m^-1\n``atomic mass unit-joule relationship`` 1.49241808768e-10 J\n``atomic mass unit-kelvin relationship`` 10809540206700.0 K\n``atomic mass unit-kilogram relationship`` 1.66053906892e-27 kg\n``atomic unit of 1st hyperpolarizability`` 3.2063612996e-53 C^3 m^3 J^-2\n``atomic unit of 2nd hyperpolarizability`` 6.2353799735e-65 C^4 m^4 J^-3\n``atomic unit of action`` 1.0545718176461565e-34 J s\n``atomic unit of charge`` 1.602176634e-19 C\n``atomic unit of charge density`` 1081202386770.0 C m^-3\n``atomic unit of current`` 0.0066236182375082 A\n``atomic unit of electric dipole mom.`` 8.4783536198e-30 C m\n``atomic unit of electric field`` 514220675112.0 V m^-1\n``atomic unit of electric field gradient`` 9.7173624424e+21 V m^-2\n``atomic unit of electric polarizability`` 1.64877727212e-41 C^2 m^2 J^-1\n``atomic unit of electric potential`` 27.211386245981 V\n``atomic unit of electric quadrupole mom.`` 4.4865515185e-40 C m^2\n``atomic unit of energy`` 4.359744722206e-18 J\n``atomic unit of force`` 8.2387235038e-08 N\n``atomic unit of length`` 5.29177210544e-11 m\n``atomic unit of mag. dipole mom.`` 1.85480201315e-23 J T^-1\n``atomic unit of mag. flux density`` 235051.757077 T\n``atomic unit of magnetizability`` 7.8910365794e-29 J T^-2\n``atomic unit of mass`` 9.1093837139e-31 kg\n``atomic unit of momentum`` 1.99285191545e-24 kg m s^-1\n``atomic unit of permittivity`` 1.1126500562e-10 F m^-1\n``atomic unit of time`` 2.4188843265864e-17 s\n``atomic unit of velocity`` 2187691.26216 m s^-1\n``Avogadro constant`` 6.02214076e+23 mol^-1\n``Bohr magneton`` 9.2740100657e-24 J T^-1\n``Bohr magneton in eV/T`` 5.7883817982e-05 eV T^-1\n``Bohr magneton in Hz/T`` 13996244917.1 Hz T^-1\n``Bohr magneton in inverse meter per tesla`` 46.686447719 m^-1 T^-1\n``Bohr magneton in K/T`` 0.67171381472 K T^-1\n``Bohr radius`` 5.29177210544e-11 m\n``Boltzmann constant`` 1.380649e-23 J K^-1\n``Boltzmann constant in eV/K`` 8.617333262145179e-05 eV K^-1\n``Boltzmann constant in Hz/K`` 20836619123.327576 Hz K^-1\n``Boltzmann constant in inverse meter per kelvin`` 69.50348004861274 m^-1 K^-1\n``characteristic impedance of vacuum`` 376.730313412 ohm\n``classical electron radius`` 2.8179403205e-15 m\n``Compton wavelength`` 2.42631023538e-12 m\n``conductance quantum`` 7.748091729863649e-05 S\n``conventional value of ampere-90`` 1.0000000888714378 A\n``conventional value of coulomb-90`` 1.0000000888714378 C\n``conventional value of farad-90`` 0.9999999822063325 F\n``conventional value of henry-90`` 1.0000000177936679 H\n``conventional value of Josephson constant`` 483597900000000.0 Hz V^-1\n``conventional value of ohm-90`` 1.0000000177936679 ohm\n``conventional value of volt-90`` 1.0000001066651072 V\n``conventional value of von Klitzing constant`` 25812.807 ohm\n``conventional value of watt-90`` 1.0000001955365543 W\n``Copper x unit`` 1.00207697e-13 m\n``deuteron g factor`` 0.8574382335 \n``deuteron mag. mom.`` 4.330735087e-27 J T^-1\n``deuteron mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` 0.0004669754568 \n``deuteron mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` 0.8574382335 \n``deuteron mass`` 3.3435837768e-27 kg\n``deuteron mass energy equivalent`` 3.00506323491e-10 J\n``deuteron mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 1875.612945 MeV\n``deuteron mass in u`` 2.013553212544 u\n``deuteron molar mass`` 0.00201355321466 kg mol^-1\n``deuteron relative atomic mass`` 2.013553212544 \n``deuteron rms charge radius`` 2.12778e-15 m\n``deuteron-electron mag. mom. ratio`` -0.000466434555 \n``deuteron-electron mass ratio`` 3670.482967655 \n``deuteron-neutron mag. mom. ratio`` -0.44820652 \n``deuteron-proton mag. mom. ratio`` 0.3070122093 \n``deuteron-proton mass ratio`` 1.9990075012699 \n``electron charge to mass quotient`` -175882000838.0 C kg^-1\n``electron g factor`` -2.00231930436092 \n``electron gyromag. ratio`` 176085962784.0 s^-1 T^-1\n``electron gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 28024.9513861 MHz T^-1\n``electron mag. mom.`` -9.2847646917e-24 J T^-1\n``electron mag. mom. anomaly`` 0.00115965218046 \n``electron mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -1.00115965218046 \n``electron mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -1838.281971877 \n``electron mass`` 9.1093837139e-31 kg\n``electron mass energy equivalent`` 8.187105788e-14 J\n``electron mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 0.51099895069 MeV\n``electron mass in u`` 0.0005485799090441 u\n``electron molar mass`` 5.4857990962e-07 kg mol^-1\n``electron relative atomic mass`` 0.0005485799090441 \n``electron to alpha particle mass ratio`` 0.0001370933554733 \n``electron to shielded helion mag. mom. ratio`` 864.05823986 \n``electron to shielded proton mag. mom. ratio`` -658.2275856 \n``electron volt`` 1.602176634e-19 J\n``electron volt-atomic mass unit relationship`` 1.07354410083e-09 u\n``electron volt-hartree relationship`` 0.036749322175665 E_h\n``electron volt-hertz relationship`` 241798924208491.8 Hz\n``electron volt-inverse meter relationship`` 806554.3937349211 m^-1\n``electron volt-joule relationship`` 1.602176634e-19 J\n``electron volt-kelvin relationship`` 11604.518121550082 K\n``electron volt-kilogram relationship`` 1.7826619216278975e-36 kg\n``electron-deuteron mag. mom. ratio`` -2143.9234921 \n``electron-deuteron mass ratio`` 0.0002724437107629 \n``electron-helion mass ratio`` 0.0001819543074649 \n``electron-muon mag. mom. ratio`` 206.7669881 \n``electron-muon mass ratio`` 0.0048363317 \n``electron-neutron mag. mom. ratio`` 960.92048 \n``electron-neutron mass ratio`` 0.00054386734416 \n``electron-proton mag. mom. ratio`` -658.21068789 \n``electron-proton mass ratio`` 0.0005446170214889 \n``electron-tau mass ratio`` 0.000287585 \n``electron-triton mass ratio`` 0.0001819200062327 \n``elementary charge`` 1.602176634e-19 C\n``elementary charge over h-bar`` 1519267447878626.0 A J^-1\n``Faraday constant`` 96485.33212331001 C mol^-1\n``Fermi coupling constant`` 1.1663787e-05 GeV^-2\n``fine-structure constant`` 0.0072973525643 \n``first radiation constant`` 3.7417718521927573e-16 W m^2\n``first radiation constant for spectral radiance`` 1.1910429723971884e-16 W m^2 sr^-1\n``Hartree energy`` 4.359744722206e-18 J\n``Hartree energy in eV`` 27.211386245981 eV\n``hartree-atomic mass unit relationship`` 2.92126231797e-08 u\n``hartree-electron volt relationship`` 27.211386245981 eV\n``hartree-hertz relationship`` 6579683920499900.0 Hz\n``hartree-inverse meter relationship`` 21947463.136314 m^-1\n``hartree-joule relationship`` 4.359744722206e-18 J\n``hartree-kelvin relationship`` 315775.02480398 K\n``hartree-kilogram relationship`` 4.8508702095419e-35 kg\n``helion g factor`` -4.2552506995 \n``helion mag. mom.`` -1.07461755198e-26 J T^-1\n``helion mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -0.00115874098083 \n``helion mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -2.1276253498 \n``helion mass`` 5.0064127862e-27 kg\n``helion mass energy equivalent`` 4.4995394185e-10 J\n``helion mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 2808.39161112 MeV\n``helion mass in u`` 3.014932246932 u\n``helion molar mass`` 0.0030149322501 kg mol^-1\n``helion relative atomic mass`` 3.014932246932 \n``helion shielding shift`` 5.9967029e-05 \n``helion-electron mass ratio`` 5495.88527984 \n``helion-proton mass ratio`` 2.993152671552 \n``hertz-atomic mass unit relationship`` 4.439821659e-24 u\n``hertz-electron volt relationship`` 4.135667696923859e-15 eV\n``hertz-hartree relationship`` 1.5198298460574e-16 E_h\n``hertz-inverse meter relationship`` 3.3356409519815204e-09 m^-1\n``hertz-joule relationship`` 6.62607015e-34 J\n``hertz-kelvin relationship`` 4.799243073366221e-11 K\n``hertz-kilogram relationship`` 7.372497323812708e-51 kg\n``hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133`` 9192631770.0 Hz\n``inverse fine-structure constant`` 137.035999177 \n``inverse meter-atomic mass unit relationship`` 1.33102504824e-15 u\n``inverse meter-electron volt relationship`` 1.2398419843320026e-06 eV\n``inverse meter-hartree relationship`` 4.5563352529132e-08 E_h\n``inverse meter-hertz relationship`` 299792458.0 Hz\n``inverse meter-joule relationship`` 1.9864458571489286e-25 J\n``inverse meter-kelvin relationship`` 0.014387768775039337 K\n``inverse meter-kilogram relationship`` 2.2102190943042335e-42 kg\n``inverse of conductance quantum`` 12906.403729652257 ohm\n``Josephson constant`` 483597848416983.6 Hz V^-1\n``joule-atomic mass unit relationship`` 6700535247.1 u\n``joule-electron volt relationship`` 6.241509074460763e+18 eV\n``joule-hartree relationship`` 2.2937122783969e+17 E_h\n``joule-hertz relationship`` 1.5091901796421518e+33 Hz\n``joule-inverse meter relationship`` 5.03411656754271e+24 m^-1\n``joule-kelvin relationship`` 7.24297051603992e+22 K\n``joule-kilogram relationship`` 1.1126500560536185e-17 kg\n``kelvin-atomic mass unit relationship`` 9.2510872884e-14 u\n``kelvin-electron volt relationship`` 8.617333262145179e-05 eV\n``kelvin-hartree relationship`` 3.1668115634564e-06 E_h\n``kelvin-hertz relationship`` 20836619123.327576 Hz\n``kelvin-inverse meter relationship`` 69.50348004861274 m^-1\n``kelvin-joule relationship`` 1.380649e-23 J\n``kelvin-kilogram relationship`` 1.5361791872403723e-40 kg\n``kilogram-atomic mass unit relationship`` 6.0221407537e+26 u\n``kilogram-electron volt relationship`` 5.609588603804452e+35 eV\n``kilogram-hartree relationship`` 2.0614857887415e+34 E_h\n``kilogram-hertz relationship`` 1.3563924896521321e+50 Hz\n``kilogram-inverse meter relationship`` 4.524438335443823e+41 m^-1\n``kilogram-joule relationship`` 8.987551787368176e+16 J\n``kilogram-kelvin relationship`` 6.509657260728958e+39 K\n``lattice parameter of silicon`` 5.431020511e-10 m\n``lattice spacing of ideal Si (220)`` 1.920155716e-10 m\n``Loschmidt constant (273.15 K, 100 kPa)`` 2.6516458048837345e+25 m^-3\n``Loschmidt constant (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)`` 2.686780111798444e+25 m^-3\n``luminous efficacy`` 683.0 lm W^-1\n``mag. flux quantum`` 2.0678338484619295e-15 Wb\n``molar gas constant`` 8.31446261815324 J mol^-1 K^-1\n``molar mass constant`` 0.00100000000105 kg mol^-1\n``molar mass of carbon-12`` 0.0120000000126 kg mol^-1\n``molar Planck constant`` 3.990312712893431e-10 J Hz^-1 mol^-1\n``molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 100 kPa)`` 0.02271095464148557 m^3 mol^-1\n``molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)`` 0.022413969545014137 m^3 mol^-1\n``molar volume of silicon`` 1.205883199e-05 m^3 mol^-1\n``Molybdenum x unit`` 1.00209952e-13 m\n``muon Compton wavelength`` 1.17344411e-14 m\n``muon g factor`` -2.00233184123 \n``muon mag. mom.`` -4.4904483e-26 J T^-1\n``muon mag. mom. anomaly`` 0.00116592062 \n``muon mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -0.00484197048 \n``muon mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -8.89059704 \n``muon mass`` 1.883531627e-28 kg\n``muon mass energy equivalent`` 1.692833804e-11 J\n``muon mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 105.6583755 MeV\n``muon mass in u`` 0.1134289257 u\n``muon molar mass`` 0.0001134289258 kg mol^-1\n``muon-electron mass ratio`` 206.7682827 \n``muon-neutron mass ratio`` 0.1124545168 \n``muon-proton mag. mom. ratio`` -3.183345146 \n``muon-proton mass ratio`` 0.1126095262 \n``muon-tau mass ratio`` 0.0594635 \n``natural unit of action`` 1.0545718176461565e-34 J s\n``natural unit of action in eV s`` 6.582119569509067e-16 eV s\n``natural unit of energy`` 8.187105788e-14 J\n``natural unit of energy in MeV`` 0.51099895069 MeV\n``natural unit of length`` 3.8615926744e-13 m\n``natural unit of mass`` 9.1093837139e-31 kg\n``natural unit of momentum`` 2.730924488e-22 kg m s^-1\n``natural unit of momentum in MeV/c`` 0.5109989461 MeV/c\n``natural unit of time`` 1.28808866644e-21 s\n``natural unit of velocity`` 299792458.0 m s^-1\n``neutron Compton wavelength`` 1.31959090382e-15 m\n``neutron g factor`` -3.82608552 \n``neutron gyromag. ratio`` 183247174.0 s^-1 T^-1\n``neutron gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 29.1646935 MHz T^-1\n``neutron mag. mom.`` -9.6623653e-27 J T^-1\n``neutron mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -0.00104187565 \n``neutron mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -1.91304276 \n``neutron mass`` 1.67492750056e-27 kg\n``neutron mass energy equivalent`` 1.50534976514e-10 J\n``neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 939.56542194 MeV\n``neutron mass in u`` 1.00866491606 u\n``neutron molar mass`` 0.00100866491712 kg mol^-1\n``neutron relative atomic mass`` 1.00866491606 \n``neutron to shielded proton mag. mom. ratio`` -0.68499694 \n``neutron-electron mag. mom. ratio`` 0.00104066884 \n``neutron-electron mass ratio`` 1838.683662 \n``neutron-muon mass ratio`` 8.89248408 \n``neutron-proton mag. mom. ratio`` -0.68497935 \n``neutron-proton mass difference`` 2.30557461e-30 kg\n``neutron-proton mass difference energy equivalent`` 2.07214712e-13 J\n``neutron-proton mass difference energy equivalent in MeV`` 1.29333251 MeV\n``neutron-proton mass difference in u`` 0.00138844948 u\n``neutron-proton mass ratio`` 1.00137841946 \n``neutron-tau mass ratio`` 0.528779 \n``Newtonian constant of gravitation`` 6.6743e-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2\n``Newtonian constant of gravitation over h-bar c`` 6.70883e-39 (GeV/c^2)^-2\n``nuclear magneton`` 5.0507837393e-27 J T^-1\n``nuclear magneton in eV/T`` 3.15245125417e-08 eV T^-1\n``nuclear magneton in inverse meter per tesla`` 0.0254262341009 m^-1 T^-1\n``nuclear magneton in K/T`` 0.00036582677706 K T^-1\n``nuclear magneton in MHz/T`` 7.6225932188 MHz T^-1\n``Planck constant`` 6.62607015e-34 J Hz^-1\n``Planck constant in eV/Hz`` 4.135667696923859e-15 eV Hz^-1\n``Planck length`` 1.616255e-35 m\n``Planck mass`` 2.176434e-08 kg\n``Planck mass energy equivalent in GeV`` 1.22089e+19 GeV\n``Planck temperature`` 1.416784e+32 K\n``Planck time`` 5.391247e-44 s\n``proton charge to mass quotient`` 95788331.43 C kg^-1\n``proton Compton wavelength`` 1.3214098536e-15 m\n``proton g factor`` 5.5856946893 \n``proton gyromag. ratio`` 267522187.08 s^-1 T^-1\n``proton gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 42.577478461 MHz T^-1\n``proton mag. mom.`` 1.41060679545e-26 J T^-1\n``proton mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` 0.0015210322023 \n``proton mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` 2.79284734463 \n``proton mag. shielding correction`` 2.56715e-05 \n``proton mass`` 1.67262192595e-27 kg\n``proton mass energy equivalent`` 1.50327761802e-10 J\n``proton mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 938.27208943 MeV\n``proton mass in u`` 1.0072764665789 u\n``proton molar mass`` 0.00100727646764 kg mol^-1\n``proton relative atomic mass`` 1.0072764665789 \n``proton rms charge radius`` 8.4075e-16 m\n``proton-electron mass ratio`` 1836.152673426 \n``proton-muon mass ratio`` 8.88024338 \n``proton-neutron mag. mom. ratio`` -1.45989802 \n``proton-neutron mass ratio`` 0.99862347797 \n``proton-tau mass ratio`` 0.528051 \n``quantum of circulation`` 0.00036369475467 m^2 s^-1\n``quantum of circulation times 2`` 0.00072738950934 m^2 s^-1\n``reduced Compton wavelength`` 3.8615926744e-13 m\n``reduced muon Compton wavelength`` 1.867594306e-15 m\n``reduced neutron Compton wavelength`` 2.100194152e-16 m\n``reduced Planck constant`` 1.0545718176461565e-34 J s\n``reduced Planck constant in eV s`` 6.582119569509067e-16 eV s\n``reduced Planck constant times c in MeV fm`` 197.3269804593025 MeV fm\n``reduced proton Compton wavelength`` 2.10308910051e-16 m\n``reduced tau Compton wavelength`` 1.110538e-16 m\n``Rydberg constant`` 10973731.568157 m^-1\n``Rydberg constant times c in Hz`` 3289841960250000.0 Hz\n``Rydberg constant times hc in eV`` 13.60569312299 eV\n``Rydberg constant times hc in J`` 2.179872361103e-18 J\n``Sackur-Tetrode constant (1 K, 100 kPa)`` -1.15170753496 \n``Sackur-Tetrode constant (1 K, 101.325 kPa)`` -1.16487052149 \n``second radiation constant`` 0.014387768775039337 m K\n``shielded helion gyromag. ratio`` 203789460.78 s^-1 T^-1\n``shielded helion gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 32.434100033 MHz T^-1\n``shielded helion mag. mom.`` -1.07455311035e-26 J T^-1\n``shielded helion mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -0.00115867149457 \n``shielded helion mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -2.1274977624 \n``shielded helion to proton mag. mom. ratio`` -0.76176657721 \n``shielded helion to shielded proton mag. mom. ratio`` -0.7617861334 \n``shielded proton gyromag. ratio`` 267515319.4 s^-1 T^-1\n``shielded proton gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 42.57638543 MHz T^-1\n``shielded proton mag. mom.`` 1.410570583e-26 J T^-1\n``shielded proton mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` 0.0015209931551 \n``shielded proton mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` 2.792775648 \n``shielding difference of d and p in HD`` 1.9877e-08 \n``shielding difference of t and p in HT`` 2.3945e-08 \n``speed of light in vacuum`` 299792458.0 m s^-1\n``standard acceleration of gravity`` 9.80665 m s^-2\n``standard atmosphere`` 101325.0 Pa\n``standard-state pressure`` 100000.0 Pa\n``Stefan-Boltzmann constant`` 5.6703744191844314e-08 W m^-2 K^-4\n``tau Compton wavelength`` 6.97771e-16 m\n``tau energy equivalent`` 1776.86 MeV\n``tau mass`` 3.16754e-27 kg\n``tau mass energy equivalent`` 2.84684e-10 J\n``tau mass in u`` 1.90754 u\n``tau molar mass`` 0.00190754 kg mol^-1\n``tau-electron mass ratio`` 3477.23 \n``tau-muon mass ratio`` 16.817 \n``tau-neutron mass ratio`` 1.89115 \n``tau-proton mass ratio`` 1.89376 \n``Thomson cross section`` 6.6524587051e-29 m^2\n``triton g factor`` 5.95792493 \n``triton mag. mom.`` 1.5046095178e-26 J T^-1\n``triton mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` 0.0016223936648 \n``triton mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` 2.978962465 \n``triton mass`` 5.0073567512e-27 kg\n``triton mass energy equivalent`` 4.5003878119e-10 J\n``triton mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 2808.92113668 MeV\n``triton mass in u`` 3.01550071597 u\n``triton molar mass`` 0.00301550071913 kg mol^-1\n``triton relative atomic mass`` 3.01550071597 \n``triton to proton mag. mom. ratio`` 1.0666399189 \n``triton-electron mass ratio`` 5496.92153551 \n``triton-proton mass ratio`` 2.99371703403 \n``unified atomic mass unit`` 1.66053906892e-27 kg\n``vacuum electric permittivity`` 8.8541878188e-12 F m^-1\n``vacuum mag. permeability`` 1.25663706127e-06 N A^-2\n``von Klitzing constant`` 25812.807459304513 ohm\n``W to Z mass ratio`` 0.88145 \n``weak mixing angle`` 0.22305 \n``Wien frequency displacement law constant`` 58789257576.468254 Hz K^-1\n``Wien wavelength displacement law constant`` 0.0028977719551851727 m K\n====================================================================== ====", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Constants database" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Units" } ], "level": 1, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "============ =================================================================\n``quetta`` :math:`10^{30}`\n``ronna`` :math:`10^{27}`\n``yotta`` :math:`10^{24}`\n``zetta`` :math:`10^{21}`\n``exa`` :math:`10^{18}`\n``peta`` :math:`10^{15}`\n``tera`` :math:`10^{12}`\n``giga`` :math:`10^{9}`\n``mega`` :math:`10^{6}`\n``kilo`` :math:`10^{3}`\n``hecto`` :math:`10^{2}`\n``deka`` :math:`10^{1}`\n``deci`` :math:`10^{-1}`\n``centi`` :math:`10^{-2}`\n``milli`` :math:`10^{-3}`\n``micro`` :math:`10^{-6}`\n``nano`` :math:`10^{-9}`\n``pico`` :math:`10^{-12}`\n``femto`` :math:`10^{-15}`\n``atto`` :math:`10^{-18}`\n``zepto`` :math:`10^{-21}`\n``yocto`` :math:`10^{-24}`\n``ronto`` :math:`10^{-27}`\n``quecto`` :math:`10^{-30}`\n============ =================================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "SI prefixes" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "============ =================================================================\n``kibi`` :math:`2^{10}`\n``mebi`` :math:`2^{20}`\n``gibi`` :math:`2^{30}`\n``tebi`` :math:`2^{40}`\n``pebi`` :math:`2^{50}`\n``exbi`` :math:`2^{60}`\n``zebi`` :math:`2^{70}`\n``yobi`` :math:`2^{80}`\n============ =================================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Binary prefixes" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "================= ============================================================\n``gram`` :math:`10^{-3}` kg\n``metric_ton`` :math:`10^{3}` kg\n``grain`` one grain in kg\n``lb`` one pound (avoirdupous) in kg\n``pound`` one pound (avoirdupous) in kg\n``blob`` one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)\n``slinch`` one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)\n``slug`` one slug in kg (added in 1.0.0)\n``oz`` one ounce in kg\n``ounce`` one ounce in kg\n``stone`` one stone in kg\n``grain`` one grain in kg\n``long_ton`` one long ton in kg\n``short_ton`` one short ton in kg\n``troy_ounce`` one Troy ounce in kg\n``troy_pound`` one Troy pound in kg\n``carat`` one carat in kg\n``m_u`` atomic mass constant (in kg)\n``u`` atomic mass constant (in kg)\n``atomic_mass`` atomic mass constant (in kg)\n================= ============================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Mass" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "================= ============================================================\n``degree`` degree in radians\n``arcmin`` arc minute in radians\n``arcminute`` arc minute in radians\n``arcsec`` arc second in radians\n``arcsecond`` arc second in radians\n================= ============================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Angle" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "================= ============================================================\n``minute`` one minute in seconds\n``hour`` one hour in seconds\n``day`` one day in seconds\n``week`` one week in seconds\n``year`` one year (365 days) in seconds\n``Julian_year`` one Julian year (365.25 days) in seconds\n================= ============================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Time" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "===================== ============================================================\n``inch`` one inch in meters\n``foot`` one foot in meters\n``yard`` one yard in meters\n``mile`` one mile in meters\n``mil`` one mil in meters\n``pt`` one point in meters\n``point`` one point in meters\n``survey_foot`` one survey foot in meters\n``survey_mile`` one survey mile in meters\n``nautical_mile`` one nautical mile in meters\n``fermi`` one Fermi in meters\n``angstrom`` one Angstrom in meters\n``micron`` one micron in meters\n``au`` one astronomical unit in meters\n``astronomical_unit`` one astronomical unit in meters\n``light_year`` one light year in meters\n``parsec`` one parsec in meters\n===================== ============================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Length" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "================= ============================================================\n``atm`` standard atmosphere in pascals\n``atmosphere`` standard atmosphere in pascals\n``bar`` one bar in pascals\n``torr`` one torr (mmHg) in pascals\n``mmHg`` one torr (mmHg) in pascals\n``psi`` one psi in pascals\n================= ============================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Pressure" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "================= ============================================================\n``hectare`` one hectare in square meters\n``acre`` one acre in square meters\n================= ============================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Area" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "=================== ========================================================\n``liter`` one liter in cubic meters\n``litre`` one liter in cubic meters\n``gallon`` one gallon (US) in cubic meters\n``gallon_US`` one gallon (US) in cubic meters\n``gallon_imp`` one gallon (UK) in cubic meters\n``fluid_ounce`` one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters\n``fluid_ounce_US`` one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters\n``fluid_ounce_imp`` one fluid ounce (UK) in cubic meters\n``bbl`` one barrel in cubic meters\n``barrel`` one barrel in cubic meters\n=================== ========================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Volume" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "================== ==========================================================\n``kmh`` kilometers per hour in meters per second\n``mph`` miles per hour in meters per second\n``mach`` one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second\n``speed_of_sound`` one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second\n``knot`` one knot in meters per second\n================== ==========================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Speed" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "===================== =======================================================\n``zero_Celsius`` zero of Celsius scale in Kelvin\n``degree_Fahrenheit`` one Fahrenheit (only differences) in Kelvins\n===================== =======================================================", "execution_status": null }, { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": ".. autosummary:: \n :toctree:generated/\n convert_temperature", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Temperature" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "==================== =======================================================\n``eV`` one electron volt in Joules\n``electron_volt`` one electron volt in Joules\n``calorie`` one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules\n``calorie_th`` one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules\n``calorie_IT`` one calorie (International Steam Table calorie, 1956) in Joules\n``erg`` one erg in Joules\n``Btu`` one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules\n``Btu_IT`` one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules\n``Btu_th`` one British thermal unit (thermochemical) in Joules\n``ton_TNT`` one ton of TNT in Joules\n==================== =======================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Energy" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "==================== =======================================================\n``hp`` one horsepower in watts\n``horsepower`` one horsepower in watts\n==================== =======================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Power" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": "==================== =======================================================\n``dyn`` one dyne in newtons\n``dyne`` one dyne in newtons\n``lbf`` one pound force in newtons\n``pound_force`` one pound force in newtons\n``kgf`` one kilogram force in newtons\n``kilogram_force`` one kilogram force in newtons\n==================== =======================================================", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Force" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Code", "__tag": 4050, "value": ".. autosummary:: \n :toctree:generated/\n lambda2nu\n nu2lambda", "execution_status": null } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "Optics" } ], "level": 2, "target": null }, { "__type": "Section", "__tag": 4015, "children": [ { "__type": "Citation", "__tag": 4064, "label": "CODATA2022", "children": [ { "__type": "Paragraph", "__tag": 4045, "children": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants 2022. https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/" } ] } ] } ], "title": [ { "__type": "Text", "__tag": 4046, "value": "References" } ], "level": 1, "target": null } ], "local_refs": [] }