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            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "get_leaves",
              "annotation": "bool, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "Includes a list "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "R['leaves']=H"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " in the result dictionary. For each "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "i"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": ", "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "H[i] == j"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": ", cluster node "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "j"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " appears in position "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "i"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " in the left-to-right traversal of the leaves, where "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "j < 2n-1"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " and "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "i < n"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "orientation",
              "annotation": "str, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "The direction to plot the dendrogram, which can be any of the following strings:"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "DefList",
                  "__tag": 4033,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "'top'"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "Plots the root at the top, and plot descendent links going downwards.   (default)."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "'bottom'"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "Plots the root at the bottom, and plot descendent links going   upwards."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "'left'"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "Plots the root at the left, and plot descendent links going right."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "'right'"
                          }
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                      },
                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "Plots the root at the right, and plot descendent links going left."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "labels",
              "annotation": "ndarray, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "By default, "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "labels"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " is None so the index of the original observation is used to label the leaf nodes.  Otherwise, this is an "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "n"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "-sized sequence, with "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "n == Z.shape[0] + 1"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": ". The "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "labels[i]"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " value is the text to put under the "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "i"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " th leaf node only if it corresponds to an original observation and not a non-singleton cluster."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "count_sort",
              "annotation": "str or bool, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "For each node n, the order (visually, from left-to-right) n's two descendent links are plotted is determined by this parameter, which can be any of the following values:"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "DefList",
                  "__tag": 4033,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "False"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "Nothing is done."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "'ascending'"
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                          {
                            "__type": "Text",
                            "__tag": 4046,
                            "value": " or "
                          },
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "True"
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                      "dd": [
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                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "The child with the minimum number of original objects in its cluster   is plotted first."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
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                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
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                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "'descending'"
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                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "The child with the maximum number of original objects in its cluster   is plotted first."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "Note, "
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                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "distance_sort"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " and "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "count_sort"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " cannot both be True."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "distance_sort",
              "annotation": "str or bool, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "For each node n, the order (visually, from left-to-right) n's two descendent links are plotted is determined by this parameter, which can be any of the following values:"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "DefList",
                  "__tag": 4033,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "False"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "Nothing is done."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "'ascending'"
                          },
                          {
                            "__type": "Text",
                            "__tag": 4046,
                            "value": " or "
                          },
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "True"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "The child with the minimum distance between its direct descendents is   plotted first."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "DefListItem",
                      "__tag": 4037,
                      "dt": {
                        "__type": "Paragraph",
                        "__tag": 4045,
                        "children": [
                          {
                            "__type": "InlineCode",
                            "__tag": 4051,
                            "value": "'descending'"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      "dd": [
                        {
                          "__type": "Paragraph",
                          "__tag": 4045,
                          "children": [
                            {
                              "__type": "Text",
                              "__tag": 4046,
                              "value": "The child with the maximum distance between its direct descendents is   plotted first."
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "Note "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "distance_sort"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " and "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
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                      "value": "count_sort"
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                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " cannot both be True."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "show_leaf_counts",
              "annotation": "bool, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "When True, leaf nodes representing "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "k>1"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " original observation are labeled with the number of observations they contain in parentheses."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "no_plot",
              "annotation": "bool, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "When True, the final rendering is not performed. This is useful if only the data structures computed for the rendering are needed or if matplotlib is not available."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "no_labels",
              "annotation": "bool, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "When True, no labels appear next to the leaf nodes in the rendering of the dendrogram."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "leaf_rotation",
              "annotation": "double, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "Specifies the angle (in degrees) to rotate the leaf labels. When unspecified, the rotation is based on the number of nodes in the dendrogram (default is 0)."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "leaf_font_size",
              "annotation": "int, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "Specifies the font size (in points) of the leaf labels. When unspecified, the size based on the number of nodes in the dendrogram."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "leaf_label_func",
              "annotation": "lambda or function, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "When "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "leaf_label_func"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " is a callable function, for each leaf with cluster index "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "k < 2n-1"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": ". The function is expected to return a string with the label for the leaf."
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "Indices "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "k < n"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " correspond to original observations while indices "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineMath",
                      "__tag": 4057,
                      "value": "k \\geq n"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " correspond to non-singleton clusters."
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "For example, to label singletons with their node id and non-singletons with their id, count, and inconsistency coefficient, simply do      "
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "Code",
                  "__tag": 4050,
                  "value": "# First define the leaf label function.\ndef llf(id):\n    if id < n:\n        return str(id)\n    else:\n        return '[%d %d %1.2f]' % (id, count, R[n-id,3])\n\n# The text for the leaf nodes is going to be big so force\n# a rotation of 90 degrees.\ndendrogram(Z, leaf_label_func=llf, leaf_rotation=90)\n\n# leaf_label_func can also be used together with ``truncate_mode``,\n# in which case you will get your leaves labeled after truncation:\ndendrogram(Z, leaf_label_func=llf, leaf_rotation=90,\n           truncate_mode='level', p=2)",
                  "execution_status": null
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "show_contracted",
              "annotation": "bool, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "When True the heights of non-singleton nodes contracted into a leaf node are plotted as crosses along the link connecting that leaf node.  This really is only useful when truncation is used (see "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "truncate_mode"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " parameter)."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "link_color_func",
              "annotation": "callable, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "If given, "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineRole",
                      "__tag": 4003,
                      "value": "link_color_function",
                      "domain": null,
                      "role": null,
                      "inventory": null
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " is called with each non-singleton id corresponding to each U-shaped link it will paint. The function is expected to return the color to paint the link, encoded as a matplotlib color string code. For example      "
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "__type": "Code",
                  "__tag": 4050,
                  "value": "dendrogram(Z, link_color_func=lambda k: colors[k])",
                  "execution_status": null
                },
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "colors the direct links below each untruncated non-singleton node "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "k"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " using "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "colors[k]"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "ax",
              "annotation": "matplotlib Axes instance, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "If None and "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "ParamRef",
                      "__tag": 4071,
                      "name": "no_plot"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " is not True, the dendrogram will be plotted on the current axes.  Otherwise if "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "ParamRef",
                      "__tag": 4071,
                      "name": "no_plot"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " is not True the dendrogram will be plotted on the given "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "Axes"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": " instance. This can be useful if the dendrogram is part of a more complex figure."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "__type": "DocParam",
              "__tag": 4016,
              "name": "above_threshold_color",
              "annotation": "str, optional",
              "desc": [
                {
                  "__type": "Paragraph",
                  "__tag": 4045,
                  "children": [
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "This matplotlib color string sets the color of the links above the color_threshold. The default is "
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "InlineCode",
                      "__tag": 4051,
                      "value": "'C0'"
                    },
                    {
                      "__type": "Text",
                      "__tag": 4046,
                      "value": "."
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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      "__type": "Section",
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        {
          "__type": "Paragraph",
          "__tag": 4045,
          "children": [
            {
              "__type": "Text",
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              "value": "The dendrogram illustrates how each cluster is composed by drawing a U-shaped link between a non-singleton cluster and its children. The top of the U-link indicates a cluster merge. The two legs of the U-link indicate which clusters were merged. The length of the two legs of the U-link represents the distance between the child clusters. It is also the cophenetic distance between original observations in the two children clusters."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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  "item_file": "/scipy/cluster/hierarchy.py",
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    "scipy.cluster.hierarchy.dendrogram"
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        "value": "import numpy as np\nfrom scipy.cluster import hierarchy\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
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        "value": "\nA very basic example:\n\n"
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        "value": "ytdist = np.array([662., 877., 255., 412., 996., 295., 468., 268.,\n                   400., 754., 564., 138., 219., 869., 669.])\nZ = hierarchy.linkage(ytdist, 'single')\n",
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        "value": "plt.figure()\n",
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        "value": "dn = hierarchy.dendrogram(Z)\n",
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        "value": "\nNow, plot in given axes, improve the color scheme and use both vertical and\nhorizontal orientations:\n\n"
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        "value": "hierarchy.set_link_color_palette(['m', 'c', 'y', 'k'])\nfig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(8, 3))\ndn1 = hierarchy.dendrogram(Z, ax=axes[0], above_threshold_color='y',\n                           orientation='top')\ndn2 = hierarchy.dendrogram(Z, ax=axes[1],\n                           above_threshold_color='#bcbddc',\n                           orientation='right')\nhierarchy.set_link_color_palette(None)  # reset to default after use\nplt.show()\n",
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