bundles / scipy latest / scipy / constants
module
scipy.constants
source: /scipy/constants/__init__.py :0
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Constants (scipy.constants)
Physical and mathematical constants and units.
Mathematical constants
================ ================================================================= ``pi`` Pi ``golden`` Golden ratio ``golden_ratio`` Golden ratio ================ =================================================================
Physical constants
The following physical constants are available as attributes of scipy.constants. All units are SI.
=========================== ================================================================ =============== Attribute Quantity Units =========================== ================================================================ =============== ``c`` speed of light in vacuum m s^-1 ``speed_of_light`` speed of light in vacuum m s^-1 ``mu_0`` the magnetic constant :math:`\mu_0` N A^-2 ``epsilon_0`` the electric constant (vacuum permittivity), :math:`\epsilon_0` F m^-1 ``h`` the Planck constant :math:`h` J Hz^-1 ``Planck`` the Planck constant :math:`h` J Hz^-1 ``hbar`` the reduced Planck constant, :math:`\hbar = h/(2\pi)` J s ``G`` Newtonian constant of gravitation m^3 kg^-1 s^-2 ``gravitational_constant`` Newtonian constant of gravitation m^3 kg^-1 s^-2 ``g`` standard acceleration of gravity m s^-2 ``e`` elementary charge C ``elementary_charge`` elementary charge C ``R`` molar gas constant J mol^-1 K^-1 ``gas_constant`` molar gas constant J mol^-1 K^-1 ``alpha`` fine-structure constant (unitless) ``fine_structure`` fine-structure constant (unitless) ``N_A`` Avogadro constant mol^-1 ``Avogadro`` Avogadro constant mol^-1 ``k`` Boltzmann constant J K^-1 ``Boltzmann`` Boltzmann constant J K^-1 ``sigma`` Stefan-Boltzmann constant :math:`\sigma` W m^-2 K^-4 ``Stefan_Boltzmann`` Stefan-Boltzmann constant :math:`\sigma` W m^-2 K^-4 ``Wien`` Wien wavelength displacement law constant m K ``Rydberg`` Rydberg constant m^-1 ``m_e`` electron mass kg ``electron_mass`` electron mass kg ``m_p`` proton mass kg ``proton_mass`` proton mass kg ``m_n`` neutron mass kg ``neutron_mass`` neutron mass kg =========================== ================================================================ ===============
Constants database
In addition to the above variables, scipy.constants also contains the 2022 CODATA recommended values [CODATA2022] database containing more physical constants.
.. autosummary:: :toctree:generated/ value -- Value in physical_constants indexed by key unit -- Unit in physical_constants indexed by key precision -- Relative precision in physical_constants indexed by key find -- Return list of physical_constant keys with a given string ConstantWarning -- Constant sought not in newest CODATA data set
Available constants:
====================================================================== ==== ``alpha particle mass`` 6.644657345e-27 kg ``alpha particle mass energy equivalent`` 5.9719201997e-10 J ``alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 3727.3794118 MeV ``alpha particle mass in u`` 4.001506179129 u ``alpha particle molar mass`` 0.0040015061833 kg mol^-1 ``alpha particle relative atomic mass`` 4.001506179129 ``alpha particle rms charge radius`` 1.6785e-15 m ``alpha particle-electron mass ratio`` 7294.29954171 ``alpha particle-proton mass ratio`` 3.972599690252 ``Angstrom star`` 1.00001495e-10 m ``atomic mass constant`` 1.66053906892e-27 kg ``atomic mass constant energy equivalent`` 1.49241808768e-10 J ``atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV`` 931.49410372 MeV ``atomic mass unit-electron volt relationship`` 931494103.72 eV ``atomic mass unit-hartree relationship`` 34231776.922 E_h ``atomic mass unit-hertz relationship`` 2.25234272185e+23 Hz ``atomic mass unit-inverse meter relationship`` 751300662090000.0 m^-1 ``atomic mass unit-joule relationship`` 1.49241808768e-10 J ``atomic mass unit-kelvin relationship`` 10809540206700.0 K ``atomic mass unit-kilogram relationship`` 1.66053906892e-27 kg ``atomic unit of 1st hyperpolarizability`` 3.2063612996e-53 C^3 m^3 J^-2 ``atomic unit of 2nd hyperpolarizability`` 6.2353799735e-65 C^4 m^4 J^-3 ``atomic unit of action`` 1.0545718176461565e-34 J s ``atomic unit of charge`` 1.602176634e-19 C ``atomic unit of charge density`` 1081202386770.0 C m^-3 ``atomic unit of current`` 0.0066236182375082 A ``atomic unit of electric dipole mom.`` 8.4783536198e-30 C m ``atomic unit of electric field`` 514220675112.0 V m^-1 ``atomic unit of electric field gradient`` 9.7173624424e+21 V m^-2 ``atomic unit of electric polarizability`` 1.64877727212e-41 C^2 m^2 J^-1 ``atomic unit of electric potential`` 27.211386245981 V ``atomic unit of electric quadrupole mom.`` 4.4865515185e-40 C m^2 ``atomic unit of energy`` 4.359744722206e-18 J ``atomic unit of force`` 8.2387235038e-08 N ``atomic unit of length`` 5.29177210544e-11 m ``atomic unit of mag. dipole mom.`` 1.85480201315e-23 J T^-1 ``atomic unit of mag. flux density`` 235051.757077 T ``atomic unit of magnetizability`` 7.8910365794e-29 J T^-2 ``atomic unit of mass`` 9.1093837139e-31 kg ``atomic unit of momentum`` 1.99285191545e-24 kg m s^-1 ``atomic unit of permittivity`` 1.1126500562e-10 F m^-1 ``atomic unit of time`` 2.4188843265864e-17 s ``atomic unit of velocity`` 2187691.26216 m s^-1 ``Avogadro constant`` 6.02214076e+23 mol^-1 ``Bohr magneton`` 9.2740100657e-24 J T^-1 ``Bohr magneton in eV/T`` 5.7883817982e-05 eV T^-1 ``Bohr magneton in Hz/T`` 13996244917.1 Hz T^-1 ``Bohr magneton in inverse meter per tesla`` 46.686447719 m^-1 T^-1 ``Bohr magneton in K/T`` 0.67171381472 K T^-1 ``Bohr radius`` 5.29177210544e-11 m ``Boltzmann constant`` 1.380649e-23 J K^-1 ``Boltzmann constant in eV/K`` 8.617333262145179e-05 eV K^-1 ``Boltzmann constant in Hz/K`` 20836619123.327576 Hz K^-1 ``Boltzmann constant in inverse meter per kelvin`` 69.50348004861274 m^-1 K^-1 ``characteristic impedance of vacuum`` 376.730313412 ohm ``classical electron radius`` 2.8179403205e-15 m ``Compton wavelength`` 2.42631023538e-12 m ``conductance quantum`` 7.748091729863649e-05 S ``conventional value of ampere-90`` 1.0000000888714378 A ``conventional value of coulomb-90`` 1.0000000888714378 C ``conventional value of farad-90`` 0.9999999822063325 F ``conventional value of henry-90`` 1.0000000177936679 H ``conventional value of Josephson constant`` 483597900000000.0 Hz V^-1 ``conventional value of ohm-90`` 1.0000000177936679 ohm ``conventional value of volt-90`` 1.0000001066651072 V ``conventional value of von Klitzing constant`` 25812.807 ohm ``conventional value of watt-90`` 1.0000001955365543 W ``Copper x unit`` 1.00207697e-13 m ``deuteron g factor`` 0.8574382335 ``deuteron mag. mom.`` 4.330735087e-27 J T^-1 ``deuteron mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` 0.0004669754568 ``deuteron mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` 0.8574382335 ``deuteron mass`` 3.3435837768e-27 kg ``deuteron mass energy equivalent`` 3.00506323491e-10 J ``deuteron mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 1875.612945 MeV ``deuteron mass in u`` 2.013553212544 u ``deuteron molar mass`` 0.00201355321466 kg mol^-1 ``deuteron relative atomic mass`` 2.013553212544 ``deuteron rms charge radius`` 2.12778e-15 m ``deuteron-electron mag. mom. ratio`` -0.000466434555 ``deuteron-electron mass ratio`` 3670.482967655 ``deuteron-neutron mag. mom. ratio`` -0.44820652 ``deuteron-proton mag. mom. ratio`` 0.3070122093 ``deuteron-proton mass ratio`` 1.9990075012699 ``electron charge to mass quotient`` -175882000838.0 C kg^-1 ``electron g factor`` -2.00231930436092 ``electron gyromag. ratio`` 176085962784.0 s^-1 T^-1 ``electron gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 28024.9513861 MHz T^-1 ``electron mag. mom.`` -9.2847646917e-24 J T^-1 ``electron mag. mom. anomaly`` 0.00115965218046 ``electron mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -1.00115965218046 ``electron mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -1838.281971877 ``electron mass`` 9.1093837139e-31 kg ``electron mass energy equivalent`` 8.187105788e-14 J ``electron mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 0.51099895069 MeV ``electron mass in u`` 0.0005485799090441 u ``electron molar mass`` 5.4857990962e-07 kg mol^-1 ``electron relative atomic mass`` 0.0005485799090441 ``electron to alpha particle mass ratio`` 0.0001370933554733 ``electron to shielded helion mag. mom. ratio`` 864.05823986 ``electron to shielded proton mag. mom. ratio`` -658.2275856 ``electron volt`` 1.602176634e-19 J ``electron volt-atomic mass unit relationship`` 1.07354410083e-09 u ``electron volt-hartree relationship`` 0.036749322175665 E_h ``electron volt-hertz relationship`` 241798924208491.8 Hz ``electron volt-inverse meter relationship`` 806554.3937349211 m^-1 ``electron volt-joule relationship`` 1.602176634e-19 J ``electron volt-kelvin relationship`` 11604.518121550082 K ``electron volt-kilogram relationship`` 1.7826619216278975e-36 kg ``electron-deuteron mag. mom. ratio`` -2143.9234921 ``electron-deuteron mass ratio`` 0.0002724437107629 ``electron-helion mass ratio`` 0.0001819543074649 ``electron-muon mag. mom. ratio`` 206.7669881 ``electron-muon mass ratio`` 0.0048363317 ``electron-neutron mag. mom. ratio`` 960.92048 ``electron-neutron mass ratio`` 0.00054386734416 ``electron-proton mag. mom. ratio`` -658.21068789 ``electron-proton mass ratio`` 0.0005446170214889 ``electron-tau mass ratio`` 0.000287585 ``electron-triton mass ratio`` 0.0001819200062327 ``elementary charge`` 1.602176634e-19 C ``elementary charge over h-bar`` 1519267447878626.0 A J^-1 ``Faraday constant`` 96485.33212331001 C mol^-1 ``Fermi coupling constant`` 1.1663787e-05 GeV^-2 ``fine-structure constant`` 0.0072973525643 ``first radiation constant`` 3.7417718521927573e-16 W m^2 ``first radiation constant for spectral radiance`` 1.1910429723971884e-16 W m^2 sr^-1 ``Hartree energy`` 4.359744722206e-18 J ``Hartree energy in eV`` 27.211386245981 eV ``hartree-atomic mass unit relationship`` 2.92126231797e-08 u ``hartree-electron volt relationship`` 27.211386245981 eV ``hartree-hertz relationship`` 6579683920499900.0 Hz ``hartree-inverse meter relationship`` 21947463.136314 m^-1 ``hartree-joule relationship`` 4.359744722206e-18 J ``hartree-kelvin relationship`` 315775.02480398 K ``hartree-kilogram relationship`` 4.8508702095419e-35 kg ``helion g factor`` -4.2552506995 ``helion mag. mom.`` -1.07461755198e-26 J T^-1 ``helion mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -0.00115874098083 ``helion mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -2.1276253498 ``helion mass`` 5.0064127862e-27 kg ``helion mass energy equivalent`` 4.4995394185e-10 J ``helion mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 2808.39161112 MeV ``helion mass in u`` 3.014932246932 u ``helion molar mass`` 0.0030149322501 kg mol^-1 ``helion relative atomic mass`` 3.014932246932 ``helion shielding shift`` 5.9967029e-05 ``helion-electron mass ratio`` 5495.88527984 ``helion-proton mass ratio`` 2.993152671552 ``hertz-atomic mass unit relationship`` 4.439821659e-24 u ``hertz-electron volt relationship`` 4.135667696923859e-15 eV ``hertz-hartree relationship`` 1.5198298460574e-16 E_h ``hertz-inverse meter relationship`` 3.3356409519815204e-09 m^-1 ``hertz-joule relationship`` 6.62607015e-34 J ``hertz-kelvin relationship`` 4.799243073366221e-11 K ``hertz-kilogram relationship`` 7.372497323812708e-51 kg ``hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133`` 9192631770.0 Hz ``inverse fine-structure constant`` 137.035999177 ``inverse meter-atomic mass unit relationship`` 1.33102504824e-15 u ``inverse meter-electron volt relationship`` 1.2398419843320026e-06 eV ``inverse meter-hartree relationship`` 4.5563352529132e-08 E_h ``inverse meter-hertz relationship`` 299792458.0 Hz ``inverse meter-joule relationship`` 1.9864458571489286e-25 J ``inverse meter-kelvin relationship`` 0.014387768775039337 K ``inverse meter-kilogram relationship`` 2.2102190943042335e-42 kg ``inverse of conductance quantum`` 12906.403729652257 ohm ``Josephson constant`` 483597848416983.6 Hz V^-1 ``joule-atomic mass unit relationship`` 6700535247.1 u ``joule-electron volt relationship`` 6.241509074460763e+18 eV ``joule-hartree relationship`` 2.2937122783969e+17 E_h ``joule-hertz relationship`` 1.5091901796421518e+33 Hz ``joule-inverse meter relationship`` 5.03411656754271e+24 m^-1 ``joule-kelvin relationship`` 7.24297051603992e+22 K ``joule-kilogram relationship`` 1.1126500560536185e-17 kg ``kelvin-atomic mass unit relationship`` 9.2510872884e-14 u ``kelvin-electron volt relationship`` 8.617333262145179e-05 eV ``kelvin-hartree relationship`` 3.1668115634564e-06 E_h ``kelvin-hertz relationship`` 20836619123.327576 Hz ``kelvin-inverse meter relationship`` 69.50348004861274 m^-1 ``kelvin-joule relationship`` 1.380649e-23 J ``kelvin-kilogram relationship`` 1.5361791872403723e-40 kg ``kilogram-atomic mass unit relationship`` 6.0221407537e+26 u ``kilogram-electron volt relationship`` 5.609588603804452e+35 eV ``kilogram-hartree relationship`` 2.0614857887415e+34 E_h ``kilogram-hertz relationship`` 1.3563924896521321e+50 Hz ``kilogram-inverse meter relationship`` 4.524438335443823e+41 m^-1 ``kilogram-joule relationship`` 8.987551787368176e+16 J ``kilogram-kelvin relationship`` 6.509657260728958e+39 K ``lattice parameter of silicon`` 5.431020511e-10 m ``lattice spacing of ideal Si (220)`` 1.920155716e-10 m ``Loschmidt constant (273.15 K, 100 kPa)`` 2.6516458048837345e+25 m^-3 ``Loschmidt constant (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)`` 2.686780111798444e+25 m^-3 ``luminous efficacy`` 683.0 lm W^-1 ``mag. flux quantum`` 2.0678338484619295e-15 Wb ``molar gas constant`` 8.31446261815324 J mol^-1 K^-1 ``molar mass constant`` 0.00100000000105 kg mol^-1 ``molar mass of carbon-12`` 0.0120000000126 kg mol^-1 ``molar Planck constant`` 3.990312712893431e-10 J Hz^-1 mol^-1 ``molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 100 kPa)`` 0.02271095464148557 m^3 mol^-1 ``molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)`` 0.022413969545014137 m^3 mol^-1 ``molar volume of silicon`` 1.205883199e-05 m^3 mol^-1 ``Molybdenum x unit`` 1.00209952e-13 m ``muon Compton wavelength`` 1.17344411e-14 m ``muon g factor`` -2.00233184123 ``muon mag. mom.`` -4.4904483e-26 J T^-1 ``muon mag. mom. anomaly`` 0.00116592062 ``muon mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -0.00484197048 ``muon mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -8.89059704 ``muon mass`` 1.883531627e-28 kg ``muon mass energy equivalent`` 1.692833804e-11 J ``muon mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 105.6583755 MeV ``muon mass in u`` 0.1134289257 u ``muon molar mass`` 0.0001134289258 kg mol^-1 ``muon-electron mass ratio`` 206.7682827 ``muon-neutron mass ratio`` 0.1124545168 ``muon-proton mag. mom. ratio`` -3.183345146 ``muon-proton mass ratio`` 0.1126095262 ``muon-tau mass ratio`` 0.0594635 ``natural unit of action`` 1.0545718176461565e-34 J s ``natural unit of action in eV s`` 6.582119569509067e-16 eV s ``natural unit of energy`` 8.187105788e-14 J ``natural unit of energy in MeV`` 0.51099895069 MeV ``natural unit of length`` 3.8615926744e-13 m ``natural unit of mass`` 9.1093837139e-31 kg ``natural unit of momentum`` 2.730924488e-22 kg m s^-1 ``natural unit of momentum in MeV/c`` 0.5109989461 MeV/c ``natural unit of time`` 1.28808866644e-21 s ``natural unit of velocity`` 299792458.0 m s^-1 ``neutron Compton wavelength`` 1.31959090382e-15 m ``neutron g factor`` -3.82608552 ``neutron gyromag. ratio`` 183247174.0 s^-1 T^-1 ``neutron gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 29.1646935 MHz T^-1 ``neutron mag. mom.`` -9.6623653e-27 J T^-1 ``neutron mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -0.00104187565 ``neutron mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -1.91304276 ``neutron mass`` 1.67492750056e-27 kg ``neutron mass energy equivalent`` 1.50534976514e-10 J ``neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 939.56542194 MeV ``neutron mass in u`` 1.00866491606 u ``neutron molar mass`` 0.00100866491712 kg mol^-1 ``neutron relative atomic mass`` 1.00866491606 ``neutron to shielded proton mag. mom. ratio`` -0.68499694 ``neutron-electron mag. mom. ratio`` 0.00104066884 ``neutron-electron mass ratio`` 1838.683662 ``neutron-muon mass ratio`` 8.89248408 ``neutron-proton mag. mom. ratio`` -0.68497935 ``neutron-proton mass difference`` 2.30557461e-30 kg ``neutron-proton mass difference energy equivalent`` 2.07214712e-13 J ``neutron-proton mass difference energy equivalent in MeV`` 1.29333251 MeV ``neutron-proton mass difference in u`` 0.00138844948 u ``neutron-proton mass ratio`` 1.00137841946 ``neutron-tau mass ratio`` 0.528779 ``Newtonian constant of gravitation`` 6.6743e-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2 ``Newtonian constant of gravitation over h-bar c`` 6.70883e-39 (GeV/c^2)^-2 ``nuclear magneton`` 5.0507837393e-27 J T^-1 ``nuclear magneton in eV/T`` 3.15245125417e-08 eV T^-1 ``nuclear magneton in inverse meter per tesla`` 0.0254262341009 m^-1 T^-1 ``nuclear magneton in K/T`` 0.00036582677706 K T^-1 ``nuclear magneton in MHz/T`` 7.6225932188 MHz T^-1 ``Planck constant`` 6.62607015e-34 J Hz^-1 ``Planck constant in eV/Hz`` 4.135667696923859e-15 eV Hz^-1 ``Planck length`` 1.616255e-35 m ``Planck mass`` 2.176434e-08 kg ``Planck mass energy equivalent in GeV`` 1.22089e+19 GeV ``Planck temperature`` 1.416784e+32 K ``Planck time`` 5.391247e-44 s ``proton charge to mass quotient`` 95788331.43 C kg^-1 ``proton Compton wavelength`` 1.3214098536e-15 m ``proton g factor`` 5.5856946893 ``proton gyromag. ratio`` 267522187.08 s^-1 T^-1 ``proton gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 42.577478461 MHz T^-1 ``proton mag. mom.`` 1.41060679545e-26 J T^-1 ``proton mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` 0.0015210322023 ``proton mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` 2.79284734463 ``proton mag. shielding correction`` 2.56715e-05 ``proton mass`` 1.67262192595e-27 kg ``proton mass energy equivalent`` 1.50327761802e-10 J ``proton mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 938.27208943 MeV ``proton mass in u`` 1.0072764665789 u ``proton molar mass`` 0.00100727646764 kg mol^-1 ``proton relative atomic mass`` 1.0072764665789 ``proton rms charge radius`` 8.4075e-16 m ``proton-electron mass ratio`` 1836.152673426 ``proton-muon mass ratio`` 8.88024338 ``proton-neutron mag. mom. ratio`` -1.45989802 ``proton-neutron mass ratio`` 0.99862347797 ``proton-tau mass ratio`` 0.528051 ``quantum of circulation`` 0.00036369475467 m^2 s^-1 ``quantum of circulation times 2`` 0.00072738950934 m^2 s^-1 ``reduced Compton wavelength`` 3.8615926744e-13 m ``reduced muon Compton wavelength`` 1.867594306e-15 m ``reduced neutron Compton wavelength`` 2.100194152e-16 m ``reduced Planck constant`` 1.0545718176461565e-34 J s ``reduced Planck constant in eV s`` 6.582119569509067e-16 eV s ``reduced Planck constant times c in MeV fm`` 197.3269804593025 MeV fm ``reduced proton Compton wavelength`` 2.10308910051e-16 m ``reduced tau Compton wavelength`` 1.110538e-16 m ``Rydberg constant`` 10973731.568157 m^-1 ``Rydberg constant times c in Hz`` 3289841960250000.0 Hz ``Rydberg constant times hc in eV`` 13.60569312299 eV ``Rydberg constant times hc in J`` 2.179872361103e-18 J ``Sackur-Tetrode constant (1 K, 100 kPa)`` -1.15170753496 ``Sackur-Tetrode constant (1 K, 101.325 kPa)`` -1.16487052149 ``second radiation constant`` 0.014387768775039337 m K ``shielded helion gyromag. ratio`` 203789460.78 s^-1 T^-1 ``shielded helion gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 32.434100033 MHz T^-1 ``shielded helion mag. mom.`` -1.07455311035e-26 J T^-1 ``shielded helion mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` -0.00115867149457 ``shielded helion mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` -2.1274977624 ``shielded helion to proton mag. mom. ratio`` -0.76176657721 ``shielded helion to shielded proton mag. mom. ratio`` -0.7617861334 ``shielded proton gyromag. ratio`` 267515319.4 s^-1 T^-1 ``shielded proton gyromag. ratio in MHz/T`` 42.57638543 MHz T^-1 ``shielded proton mag. mom.`` 1.410570583e-26 J T^-1 ``shielded proton mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` 0.0015209931551 ``shielded proton mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` 2.792775648 ``shielding difference of d and p in HD`` 1.9877e-08 ``shielding difference of t and p in HT`` 2.3945e-08 ``speed of light in vacuum`` 299792458.0 m s^-1 ``standard acceleration of gravity`` 9.80665 m s^-2 ``standard atmosphere`` 101325.0 Pa ``standard-state pressure`` 100000.0 Pa ``Stefan-Boltzmann constant`` 5.6703744191844314e-08 W m^-2 K^-4 ``tau Compton wavelength`` 6.97771e-16 m ``tau energy equivalent`` 1776.86 MeV ``tau mass`` 3.16754e-27 kg ``tau mass energy equivalent`` 2.84684e-10 J ``tau mass in u`` 1.90754 u ``tau molar mass`` 0.00190754 kg mol^-1 ``tau-electron mass ratio`` 3477.23 ``tau-muon mass ratio`` 16.817 ``tau-neutron mass ratio`` 1.89115 ``tau-proton mass ratio`` 1.89376 ``Thomson cross section`` 6.6524587051e-29 m^2 ``triton g factor`` 5.95792493 ``triton mag. mom.`` 1.5046095178e-26 J T^-1 ``triton mag. mom. to Bohr magneton ratio`` 0.0016223936648 ``triton mag. mom. to nuclear magneton ratio`` 2.978962465 ``triton mass`` 5.0073567512e-27 kg ``triton mass energy equivalent`` 4.5003878119e-10 J ``triton mass energy equivalent in MeV`` 2808.92113668 MeV ``triton mass in u`` 3.01550071597 u ``triton molar mass`` 0.00301550071913 kg mol^-1 ``triton relative atomic mass`` 3.01550071597 ``triton to proton mag. mom. ratio`` 1.0666399189 ``triton-electron mass ratio`` 5496.92153551 ``triton-proton mass ratio`` 2.99371703403 ``unified atomic mass unit`` 1.66053906892e-27 kg ``vacuum electric permittivity`` 8.8541878188e-12 F m^-1 ``vacuum mag. permeability`` 1.25663706127e-06 N A^-2 ``von Klitzing constant`` 25812.807459304513 ohm ``W to Z mass ratio`` 0.88145 ``weak mixing angle`` 0.22305 ``Wien frequency displacement law constant`` 58789257576.468254 Hz K^-1 ``Wien wavelength displacement law constant`` 0.0028977719551851727 m K ====================================================================== ====
Units
SI prefixes
============ ================================================================= ``quetta`` :math:`10^{30}` ``ronna`` :math:`10^{27}` ``yotta`` :math:`10^{24}` ``zetta`` :math:`10^{21}` ``exa`` :math:`10^{18}` ``peta`` :math:`10^{15}` ``tera`` :math:`10^{12}` ``giga`` :math:`10^{9}` ``mega`` :math:`10^{6}` ``kilo`` :math:`10^{3}` ``hecto`` :math:`10^{2}` ``deka`` :math:`10^{1}` ``deci`` :math:`10^{-1}` ``centi`` :math:`10^{-2}` ``milli`` :math:`10^{-3}` ``micro`` :math:`10^{-6}` ``nano`` :math:`10^{-9}` ``pico`` :math:`10^{-12}` ``femto`` :math:`10^{-15}` ``atto`` :math:`10^{-18}` ``zepto`` :math:`10^{-21}` ``yocto`` :math:`10^{-24}` ``ronto`` :math:`10^{-27}` ``quecto`` :math:`10^{-30}` ============ =================================================================
Binary prefixes
============ ================================================================= ``kibi`` :math:`2^{10}` ``mebi`` :math:`2^{20}` ``gibi`` :math:`2^{30}` ``tebi`` :math:`2^{40}` ``pebi`` :math:`2^{50}` ``exbi`` :math:`2^{60}` ``zebi`` :math:`2^{70}` ``yobi`` :math:`2^{80}` ============ =================================================================
Mass
================= ============================================================ ``gram`` :math:`10^{-3}` kg ``metric_ton`` :math:`10^{3}` kg ``grain`` one grain in kg ``lb`` one pound (avoirdupous) in kg ``pound`` one pound (avoirdupous) in kg ``blob`` one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0) ``slinch`` one inch version of a slug in kg (added in 1.0.0) ``slug`` one slug in kg (added in 1.0.0) ``oz`` one ounce in kg ``ounce`` one ounce in kg ``stone`` one stone in kg ``grain`` one grain in kg ``long_ton`` one long ton in kg ``short_ton`` one short ton in kg ``troy_ounce`` one Troy ounce in kg ``troy_pound`` one Troy pound in kg ``carat`` one carat in kg ``m_u`` atomic mass constant (in kg) ``u`` atomic mass constant (in kg) ``atomic_mass`` atomic mass constant (in kg) ================= ============================================================
Angle
================= ============================================================ ``degree`` degree in radians ``arcmin`` arc minute in radians ``arcminute`` arc minute in radians ``arcsec`` arc second in radians ``arcsecond`` arc second in radians ================= ============================================================
Time
================= ============================================================ ``minute`` one minute in seconds ``hour`` one hour in seconds ``day`` one day in seconds ``week`` one week in seconds ``year`` one year (365 days) in seconds ``Julian_year`` one Julian year (365.25 days) in seconds ================= ============================================================
Length
===================== ============================================================ ``inch`` one inch in meters ``foot`` one foot in meters ``yard`` one yard in meters ``mile`` one mile in meters ``mil`` one mil in meters ``pt`` one point in meters ``point`` one point in meters ``survey_foot`` one survey foot in meters ``survey_mile`` one survey mile in meters ``nautical_mile`` one nautical mile in meters ``fermi`` one Fermi in meters ``angstrom`` one Angstrom in meters ``micron`` one micron in meters ``au`` one astronomical unit in meters ``astronomical_unit`` one astronomical unit in meters ``light_year`` one light year in meters ``parsec`` one parsec in meters ===================== ============================================================
Pressure
================= ============================================================ ``atm`` standard atmosphere in pascals ``atmosphere`` standard atmosphere in pascals ``bar`` one bar in pascals ``torr`` one torr (mmHg) in pascals ``mmHg`` one torr (mmHg) in pascals ``psi`` one psi in pascals ================= ============================================================
Area
================= ============================================================ ``hectare`` one hectare in square meters ``acre`` one acre in square meters ================= ============================================================
Volume
=================== ======================================================== ``liter`` one liter in cubic meters ``litre`` one liter in cubic meters ``gallon`` one gallon (US) in cubic meters ``gallon_US`` one gallon (US) in cubic meters ``gallon_imp`` one gallon (UK) in cubic meters ``fluid_ounce`` one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters ``fluid_ounce_US`` one fluid ounce (US) in cubic meters ``fluid_ounce_imp`` one fluid ounce (UK) in cubic meters ``bbl`` one barrel in cubic meters ``barrel`` one barrel in cubic meters =================== ========================================================
Speed
================== ========================================================== ``kmh`` kilometers per hour in meters per second ``mph`` miles per hour in meters per second ``mach`` one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second ``speed_of_sound`` one Mach (approx., at 15 C, 1 atm) in meters per second ``knot`` one knot in meters per second ================== ==========================================================
Temperature
===================== ======================================================= ``zero_Celsius`` zero of Celsius scale in Kelvin ``degree_Fahrenheit`` one Fahrenheit (only differences) in Kelvins ===================== =======================================================
.. autosummary:: :toctree:generated/ convert_temperature
Energy
==================== ======================================================= ``eV`` one electron volt in Joules ``electron_volt`` one electron volt in Joules ``calorie`` one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules ``calorie_th`` one calorie (thermochemical) in Joules ``calorie_IT`` one calorie (International Steam Table calorie, 1956) in Joules ``erg`` one erg in Joules ``Btu`` one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules ``Btu_IT`` one British thermal unit (International Steam Table) in Joules ``Btu_th`` one British thermal unit (thermochemical) in Joules ``ton_TNT`` one ton of TNT in Joules ==================== =======================================================
Power
==================== ======================================================= ``hp`` one horsepower in watts ``horsepower`` one horsepower in watts ==================== =======================================================
Force
==================== ======================================================= ``dyn`` one dyne in newtons ``dyne`` one dyne in newtons ``lbf`` one pound force in newtons ``pound_force`` one pound force in newtons ``kgf`` one kilogram force in newtons ``kilogram_force`` one kilogram force in newtons ==================== =======================================================
Optics
.. autosummary:: :toctree:generated/ lambda2nu nu2lambda
References
[CODATA2022]
CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants 2022. https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/
Aliases
-
scipy.constants