papyri
{ } Raw JSON

bundles / scipy latest / scipy / ndimage / _interpolation / rotate

function

scipy.ndimage._interpolation:rotate

source: /scipy/ndimage/_interpolation.py :897

Signature

def   rotate ( input ,  angle ,  axes = (1, 0) ,  reshape = True ,  output = None ,  order = 3 ,  mode = constant ,  cval = 0.0 ,  prefilter = True )

Summary

Rotate an array.

Extended Summary

The array is rotated in the plane defined by the two axes given by the axes parameter using spline interpolation of the requested order.

Parameters

input : array_like

The input array.

angle : float

The rotation angle in degrees.

axes : tuple of 2 ints, optional

The two axes that define the plane of rotation. Default is the first two axes.

reshape : bool, optional

If reshape is true, the output shape is adapted so that the input array is contained completely in the output. Default is True.

output : array or dtype, optional

The array in which to place the output, or the dtype of the returned array. By default an array of the same dtype as input will be created.

order : int, optional

The order of the spline interpolation, default is 3. The order has to be in the range 0-5.

mode : {'reflect', 'grid-mirror', 'constant', 'grid-constant', 'nearest', 'mirror', 'grid-wrap', 'wrap'}, optional

The mode parameter determines how the input array is extended beyond its boundaries. Default is 'constant'. Behavior for each valid value is as follows (see additional plots and details on boundary modes <ndimage-interpolation-modes>):

'reflect' (d c b a | a b c d | d c b a)

The input is extended by reflecting about the edge of the last pixel. This mode is also sometimes referred to as half-sample symmetric.

'grid-mirror'

This is a synonym for 'reflect'.

'constant' (k k k k | a b c d | k k k k)

The input is extended by filling all values beyond the edge with the same constant value, defined by the cval parameter. No interpolation is performed beyond the edges of the input.

'grid-constant' (k k k k | a b c d | k k k k)

The input is extended by filling all values beyond the edge with the same constant value, defined by the cval parameter. Interpolation occurs for samples outside the input's extent as well.

'nearest' (a a a a | a b c d | d d d d)

The input is extended by replicating the last pixel.

'mirror' (d c b | a b c d | c b a)

The input is extended by reflecting about the center of the last pixel. This mode is also sometimes referred to as whole-sample symmetric.

'grid-wrap' (a b c d | a b c d | a b c d)

The input is extended by wrapping around to the opposite edge.

'wrap' (d b c d | a b c d | b c a b)

The input is extended by wrapping around to the opposite edge, but in a way such that the last point and initial point exactly overlap. In this case it is not well defined which sample will be chosen at the point of overlap.

cval : scalar, optional

Value to fill past edges of input if mode is 'constant'. Default is 0.0.

prefilter : bool, optional

Determines if the input array is prefiltered with spline_filter before interpolation. The default is True, which will create a temporary float64 array of filtered values if order > 1. If setting this to False, the output will be slightly blurred if order > 1, unless the input is prefiltered, i.e. it is the result of calling spline_filter on the original input.

Returns

rotate : ndarray

The rotated input.

Notes

For complex-valued input, this function rotates the real and imaginary components independently.

Array API Standard Support

rotate has experimental support for Python Array API Standard compatible backends in addition to NumPy. Please consider testing these features by setting an environment variable SCIPY_ARRAY_API=1 and providing CuPy, PyTorch, JAX, or Dask arrays as array arguments. The following combinations of backend and device (or other capability) are supported.

====================  ====================  ====================
Library               CPU                   GPU
====================  ====================  ====================
NumPy                 ✅                     n/a                 
CuPy                  n/a                   ✅                   
PyTorch               ✅                     ⛔                   
JAX                   ⚠️ no JIT             ⛔                   
Dask                  ⚠️ computes graph     n/a                 
====================  ====================  ====================

See dev-arrayapi for more information.

Examples

from scipy import ndimage, datasets
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 3))
ax1, ax2, ax3 = fig.subplots(1, 3)
✓
img = datasets.ascent()
img_45 = ndimage.rotate(img, 45, reshape=False)
full_img_45 = ndimage.rotate(img, 45, reshape=True)
ax1.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
⚠
ax1.set_axis_off()
✓
ax2.imshow(img_45, cmap='gray')
⚠
ax2.set_axis_off()
✓
ax3.imshow(full_img_45, cmap='gray')
⚠
ax3.set_axis_off()
fig.set_layout_engine('tight')
plt.show()
✓
fig-ee4e252003c661aa.png
print(img.shape)
print(img_45.shape)
print(full_img_45.shape)
⚠

Aliases

  • scipy.ndimage.rotate

Referenced by

This package